ᱵᱟᱥ, ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ

1. ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱟᱠ ᱚᱰᱚᱜ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ
2. ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱵᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱲ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱸᱴ ᱮᱫᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱸᱰᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱯᱮᱡ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱾
3. ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱢ ᱾

“Simultaneous boarding and alighting increases door dwell time and passenger conflict at the doorway.”

ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ; ᱟᱞᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱮᱫᱟᱞᱮ ᱾

ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟᱶ: Passenger boarding-and-alighting and dwell time - Transit operations research (e.g. Transportation Research Board)(ᱧᱮᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ 2026-07-18)

1. ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱩᱨᱩᱵ
2. ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱷᱚᱲᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱸᱜᱚ ᱛᱮᱸᱜᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱸᱪᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱡᱩᱞᱩᱨ ᱜᱩᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱩᱣᱟ ᱾
3. ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮᱵᱟᱺᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱸᱜᱚ ᱛᱮᱸᱜᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱤᱡᱡᱚᱛᱤ ᱾

“Indian law provides for reserved seating and accessible public transport for persons with disabilities.”

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱟᱯ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱾

ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟᱶ: Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 - accessible transport and reserved seating - Government of India(ᱧᱮᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ 2026-07-18)

1. ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱸᱜᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱴᱚᱲᱮᱡ
2. ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢᱩᱱ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱴᱚᱲᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱴᱩᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱛᱟᱸᱜᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ
3. ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱸᱜᱤ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ

“Queue areas are places in which people queue (first-come, first-served) for goods or services.”

An openly-checkable statement of the first-come, first-served queue norm - the fairness a line depends on - not an India-specific statistic.

ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟᱶ: Queue area - Wikipedia (Wikimedia Foundation)(ᱧᱮᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ 2026-07-18)

1. ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱚᱛᱟᱭ
2. ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱚᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱨᱩᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱲᱟᱢ ᱮ ᱚᱛᱟᱭᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ
3. ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮᱠᱚᱸᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱵᱷ ᱟᱥᱯᱷᱤᱠᱥᱤᱭᱟ - ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ - ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱸᱜᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱛᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ

“Horizontal forces sufficient to cause compressive asphyxia are more dynamic as people push off against each other to obtain breathing space.”

ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ-ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱥ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱰ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱦᱟ ᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱡᱚᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟᱶ: Behaviour and Mechanics of Crowd Crush Disasters - Risk Frontiers (Paul Somerville)(ᱧᱮᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ 2026-07-18)